Occult hepatitis B virus infection of hemodialysis patients: A cross‐sectional study in a hepatitis B virus‐endemic region

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue and/or serum of subjects seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Occult HBV infection of hemodialysis (HD) patients is informative in terms of virus transmission, reactivation after kidney transplantation, and the progression of liver disease. However, there is little detailed information about occult HBV infection in the context of virus endemicity. We tried to investigate the seroprevalence and clinical features of occult HBV infection in HD patients in HBV‐endemic regions. We enrolled a total of 159 HD patients and 121 apparently healthy subjects at Dankook University Hospital and Jeju National University Hospital in Korea. HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc, and anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum levels of HBV DNA were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The seroprevalence of occult HBV infection was 1.3% in HD patients and 2.5% in the healthy controls. This difference was not significant. The HBV load in all subjects with occult infection was <116 copies/mL, and all were positive for IgG anti‐HBc, regardless of the presence of anti‐HBs. None of the occult HBV‐infected subjects were co‐infected with HCV. One of the 2 HD patients with occult HBV infection had no history of blood transfusion. In this HBV‐endemic region, the seroprevalence of occult HBV infection in HD patients with a very low viral load was not significantly different from that in apparently healthy subjects.     

飞机蒙皮多道次滚弯加载轨迹设计方法研究

目的研究针对数控滚弯机的飞机蒙皮多道次滚弯加载轨迹设计方法。方法根据数控滚弯机机构的特点,提取零件截面线,根据截面线曲率进行分段和参数化方法设计加载轨迹,通过反向求解将加载轨迹转换为设备运动参数。结果飞机蒙皮多道次滚弯加载轨迹设计方法有效地提高了工艺参数设计的效率和准确度,并与数控设备相结合,输出了设备的控制参数。结论相比传统的以经验分析和通过反复试弯大致确定工艺程序及参数,并通过人工控制的飞机蒙皮滚弯成形方法具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。     

差异化同步顶升更换隔震支座方法与应用

多因素造成的隔震支座变形与老化等使隔震结构管养过程中面临着隔震支座更换的问题,整体顶升更换体量较大隔震建筑的技术难度大、造价较高,为此提出了混凝土框架结构差异化同步顶升逐步更换隔震支座的技术.针对一典型工程,采用差异化同步顶升并结合有限元辅助数据分析,确定了同步顶升的相邻短向各榀框架顶升位移及对应的支座反力,虽然端柱在达到顶升控制位移时相对于顶升前支座反力有较大提高,最大可达35％,然而,顶升导致的框架梁负弯矩区的纵筋拉应力增量最大值仅26.54MPa,最大裂缝宽度增量的最大值仅为0.01mm,叠加后的最大裂缝宽度满足限值要求.通过实时监测顶升过程中上部框架结构混凝土应力与钢筋应力增量,实现了顶升及支座更换全程控制,确保了顶升实施作业的上部结构无损伤.本文所提出并实践的技术和方法可供同类工程更换隔震支座时参考.     

北京日出东方凯宾斯基酒店弧形圆钢管柱混凝土顶升浇筑技术

结合北京日出东方凯宾斯基酒店工程重点分析了弧形圆钢管柱自密实混凝土浇筑施工过程中的特点以及混凝土浇筑过程中遇到的难点,详细介绍了自密实混凝土顶升浇筑过程中采取的施工工艺流程及注意事项,采用混凝土截止阀和钢管柱防振动措施以及柱内防孔洞措施等,取得了不错的效果。     

三角玻璃拟合不规则闭合双曲面玻璃幕墙关键技术研究

结合北京日出东方凯宾斯基酒店幕墙工程重点分析了闭合双曲面玻璃幕墙的特点,阐述了安装施工过程中存在的问题和施工难点,针对上述问题,通过精心研究,提出了新型万向调节玻璃夹具和幕墙龙骨与主体结构连接可调转接件等合理化建议,确定闭合双曲面玻璃幕墙安装关键技术和新施工方法,采用此施工方法保证了本工程的施工质量和工期。     

石油磺酸盐弱碱体系采出液分离及影响因素

跟踪石油磺酸盐弱碱体系三元复合驱矿场试验主段塞注入阶段,对采出液进行了系统研究,模拟了碱、表面活性剂和聚合物对采出液油水分离特性的单一和协同影响。结果表明:碱与原油中的天然物质反应生成界面活性物质,降低油水界面张力,使原油乳状液乳化强度增大,O/W型乳状液中的分散相油珠粒径显著下降,稳定性增强;在低表面活性剂质量浓度下,活性剂吸附到油水界面上顶替了部分原油中的天然表面活性物质及碱与原油反应生成的界面活性物质,插入到油水界面上胶质和沥青质聚集体之间,降低了胶质和沥青质聚集体之间的作用力,但加强了界面黏弹性,使原油乳状液稳定性增强;聚合物使水相具有黏弹性,使得水滴难以破裂,导致原油乳状液中水滴尺寸增大,稳定性下降。     

Improving supercritical water gasification of sludge by oil palm empty fruit bunch addition: Promotion of syngas production and heavy metal stabilization

The co-gasification of sewage sludge and palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) in supercritical water (SCW) was conducted at 400℃ with a pressure of over 25 MPa. This study aimed to investigate the influence of EFB addition on the syngas production and its composition. The heavy metal distribution and the leaching potential of the solid residue were also assessed. The results showed that syngas yield significantly increased with the addition of EFB into the feedstock. The cold gas efficiency (CGE) and carbon efficiency (CE) of co-gasification were higher than those of individual gasification. The actual syngas production from co-gasification of sludge and EFB was 45% higher than the theoretical total volume. The results indicated that the addition of EFB to sludge had the synergetic promotion effect on syngas production from sludge and EFB in supercritical water. This enhancement might be due to the dissolution of alkali metals from EFB and the adjustment of organic ratio. In addition, higher percentage of heavy metals were deposited and stabilized in the solid residue after SCWG. The leaching concentration of heavy metals from the solid residues was decreased to a level below the standard limit which enables it to be safely disposed of in landfill. In conclusion, the EFB addition has been proved to promote syngas production, as well as, stabilize the heavy metal in solid residues during co-SCWG.